3,423 research outputs found
Causal conditioning and instantaneous coupling in causality graphs
The paper investigates the link between Granger causality graphs recently
formalized by Eichler and directed information theory developed by Massey and
Kramer. We particularly insist on the implication of two notions of causality
that may occur in physical systems. It is well accepted that dynamical
causality is assessed by the conditional transfer entropy, a measure appearing
naturally as a part of directed information. Surprisingly the notion of
instantaneous causality is often overlooked, even if it was clearly understood
in early works. In the bivariate case, instantaneous coupling is measured
adequately by the instantaneous information exchange, a measure that
supplements the transfer entropy in the decomposition of directed information.
In this paper, the focus is put on the multivariate case and conditional graph
modeling issues. In this framework, we show that the decomposition of directed
information into the sum of transfer entropy and information exchange does not
hold anymore. Nevertheless, the discussion allows to put forward the two
measures as pillars for the inference of causality graphs. We illustrate this
on two synthetic examples which allow us to discuss not only the theoretical
concepts, but also the practical estimation issues.Comment: submitte
Comparative Measurements of Inverse Spin Hall and Magnetoresistance in YIG|Pt and YIG|Ta
We report on a comparative study of spin Hall related effects and
magnetoresistance in YIG|Pt and YIG|Ta bilayers. These combined measurements
allow to estimate the characteristic transport parameters of both Pt and Ta
layers juxtaposed to YIG: the spin mixing conductance
at the YIGnormal metal interface, the spin Hall angle , and the
spin diffusion length in the normal metal. The inverse spin Hall
voltages generated in Pt and Ta by the pure spin current pumped from YIG
excited at resonance confirm the opposite signs of spin Hall angles in these
two materials. Moreover, from the dependence of the inverse spin Hall voltage
on the Ta thickness, we extract the spin diffusion length in Ta, found to be
nm. Both the YIG|Pt and YIG|Ta systems
display a similar variation of resistance upon magnetic field orientation,
which can be explained in the recently developed framework of spin Hall
magnetoresistance.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl
Detection of the microwave spin pumping using the inverse spin Hall effect
We report electrical detection of the dynamical part of the spin pumping
current emitted during ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) using the inverse Spin
Hall Effect (ISHE). The experiment is performed on a YIGPt bilayer. The
choice of YIG, a magnetic insulator, ensures that no charge current flows
between the two layers and only pure spin current produced by the magnetization
dynamics are transferred into the adjacent strong spin-orbit Pt layer via spin
pumping. To avoid measuring the parasitic eddy currents induced at the
frequency of the microwave source, a resonance at half the frequency is induced
using parametric excitation in the parallel geometry. Triggering this nonlinear
effect allows to directly detect on a spectrum analyzer the microwave component
of the ISHE voltage. Signals as large as 30 V are measured for precession
angles of a couple of degrees. This direct detection provides a novel efficient
means to study magnetization dynamics on a very wide frequency range with great
sensitivity
Stability of Monitoring Weak Changes in Multiply Scattering Media with Ambient Noise Correlation: Laboratory Experiments
Previous studies have shown that small changes can be monitored in a
scattering medium by observing phase shifts in the coda. Passive monitoring of
weak changes through ambient noise correlation has already been applied to
seismology, acoustics and engineering. Usually, this is done under the
assumption that a properly reconstructed Green function as well as stable
background noise sources are necessary. In order to further develop this
monitoring technique, a laboratory experiment was performed in the 2.5MHz range
in a gel with scattering inclusions, comparing an active (pulse-echo) form of
monitoring to a passive (correlation) one. Present results show that
temperature changes in the medium can be observed even if the Green function
(GF) of the medium is not reconstructed. Moreover, this article establishes
that the GF reconstruction in the correlations is not a necessary condition:
the only condition to monitoring with correlation (passive experiment) is the
relative stability of the background noise structure
Entropy and Correlations in Lattice Gas Automata without Detailed Balance
We consider lattice gas automata where the lack of semi-detailed balance
results from node occupation redistribution ruled by distant configurations;
such models with nonlocal interactions are interesting because they exhibit
non-ideal gas properties and can undergo phase transitions. For this class of
automata, mean-field theory provides a correct evaluation of properties such as
compressibility and viscosity (away from the phase transition), despite the
fact that no H-theorem strictly holds. We introduce the notion of locality -
necessary to define quantities accessible to measurements - by treating the
coupling between nonlocal bits as a perturbation. Then if we define
operationally ``local'' states of the automaton - whether the system is in a
homogeneous or in an inhomogeneous state - we can compute an estimator of the
entropy and measure the local channel occupation correlations. These
considerations are applied to a simple model with nonlocal interactions.Comment: 13 pages, LaTeX, 5 PostScript figures, uses psfig. Submitted to Int.
J. Mod. Phys.
Quelques Applications du Compressed Sensing en Astronomie
Nous proposons dans cette communication d'évaluer le potentiel des méthodes de « Compressed Sensing » récemment introduites, à travers leur application à quelques problèmes importants en astrophysique observationelle. Après avoir rapidement décrit les bases mathématiques de ces approches, des exemples sont développés dans la cadre de la variabilité stellaire, de la reconstruction d'images satellitaire et enfin dans le cadre plus prospectif des futures possibilités offertes par les grands projets d'interféromètres à multiples bases pour l'imagerie directe dans le plan de Fourier
Orthogonal Polynomial Representation of Imaginary-Time Green's Functions
We study the expansion of single-particle and two-particle imaginary-time
Matsubara Green's functions of quantum impurity models in the basis of Legendre
orthogonal polynomials. We discuss various applications within the dynamical
mean-field theory (DMFT) framework. The method provides a more compact
representation of the Green's functions than standard Matsubara frequencies and
therefore significantly reduces the memory-storage size of these quantities.
Moreover, it can be used as an efficient noise filter for various physical
quantities within the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo impurity solvers
recently developed for DMFT and its extensions. In particular, we show how to
use it for the computation of energies in the context of realistic DMFT
calculations in combination with the local density approximation to the density
functional theory (LDA+DMFT) and for the calculation of lattice
susceptibilities from the local irreducible vertex function.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure
Selective amplification of scars in a chaotic optical fiber
In this letter we propose an original mechanism to select scar modes through
coherent gain amplification in a multimode D-shaped fiber. More precisely, we
numerically demonstrate how scar modes can be amplified by positioning a gain
region in the vicinity of specific points of a short periodic orbit known to
give rise to scar modes
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